The Forager's Calendar

Water Meadows

20:5 In: The origins of water meadows in England. Hadrian Cook, Kathy Stearne and Tom Williamson 1999

21:2 The Floating of the Wiltshire Water-meadows. E. Kerridge 1953

23:2 The origins of water meadows in England. Hadrian Cook, Kathy Stearne and Tom Williamson 1999

24:1   General view of the agriculture in the county of Dorset. John Claridge 1795

25:2 'Agriculture 1500-1793', in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 4, ed. Elizabeth Crittall 1959

Sheepfolds and Sheepstells

26:2 A Walk on the Wild Side. Cholderton Estate. Henry Edmunds FRES 2017

27:2 The Sheepfolds of the Lammermuirs. Archaeology on Furlough Coordinator: Rob Wiseman et al August 2020

Sheepwash

30:1 Bromyard News. The Amateur Shepherd. 21 May 1903

31:1 Bromyard News. The Amateur Shepherd. 21 May 1903

31:3 Kendal Mercury - Saturday 30 November 1839

32:1 Stone Built Sheepwashes in Gloucestershire. Garrett and Ted Hodgkins 1995

33:1 The famous dip that helped cure the scourge of Sheep. Dacorum Heritage Trust http://www.dacorumheritage.org.uk/article/the-famous-dip-the-helped-cure-the-scourge-of-sheep/

Pounds

34:2 Pounds and Pinfolds of Cumbria “The History and Mystery of Pinfolds” Nigel Mills undated

35:1 Stamford Mercury - Friday 04 January 1889

36:4 Tipperary Free Press - Saturday 02 June 1832

37:1 Pounds and Pinfolds of Cumbria “The History and Mystery of Pinfolds” Nigel Mills undated

Marl Pits

40:4 The Marl Pits of West Sussex. Emma Jeffery 2008

41:1 Custom of Marling. A Magazine of Literary and Miscellaneous Information. Volume 4. “Amicus” 1808

41:3 A floristic appraisal of marl pits in parts of north-western England and northern Wales. P. Day 1982

45:2 Molinia caerulea Purple Moor-grass: Context for Management. An introduction to its place in mire plant communities in England. Roger Meade 2015

45:4 Reports from Secret and Select Committees of the House of Commons and Evidence, Volume 38 Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords 1848

45:4 The Draining of Balmer Lawn New Forest Notes - Lymington Times Anthony Pasmore circa 2007

46:2 Some effects of grazing on the vegetation of streamside lawns in the New Forest. P J Edwards 1985

47:1 Flowers of the Forest: Plants and People in the New Forest National Park. Clive Chatters 2009

47:2 Britain’s Habitats. A Guide to the Wildlife Habitats of Britain and Ireland. Sophie Lake et al 2015 Princeton University Press; Revised, Updated edition (20 Oct. 2020)

Dew Ponds

50:2 Folk Memory or the Continuity of British Archaeology Walter Johnson 1908

50:3 Dewponds in Fable and Fact. Alfred J. Pugsley. 1938

51:1 Western Gazette - Friday 26 February 1932

52:1 A Compleat Body of Husbandry, Volume 3. Thomas Hale 1758

52:2 Letter To The Honourable Daines Barrington, Selborne, Feb. 7, 1776. Gilbert White

52:3 Explanation of a new Philosophico-Chorographical Chart of East Kent. Dr Christopher Packe 1743

53:2 A Short Practical Treatise on Dew-Ponds H. P. Slade 1837

55:2 Curwen. Sussex Geology referenced in Dewponds in Fable and Fact. Alfred J. Pugsley. 1938

55:3 Rainwater Harvesting The collection of rainfall and runoff in rural areas. A. Pacy, A. Cullis

Strip Lynchets

57:2 The Distribution of Strip Lynchets G. Whittington 1962

58:2 Air Survey and Archæology. O. G. S. Crawford 1923

59:2 A Wiltshire Childhood. Ida Candy 1929

63:1 Towards a Terminology doe Strip Lynchets. G. WHITTINGTON undated

63:1 British Strip Lynchets. J. W. MACNAB 1965

Terracettes

63:3 The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham. 1986

Ridge and Furrow

70:4 Book of Husbandry. I. R. 1598?

71:2 Ridge and Furrow and Agrarian History Eric Kerridge 1951

72:2 Runrig: The Evidence for Roxburghshire and Berwickshire. Robert A. Dodgshon 1975

74:1 The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of the Common Fields. Gilbert Slater. 1907.

74:3 Derby Mercury - Thursday 19 April 1739

75:2 The Scots Magazine - Monday 01 September 1794

76:1 Modern Husbandry; a practical and scientific treatise on agriculture. George Henry Andrews. 1853

77:2 Northampton Mercury - Saturday 07 March 1795

77:2 Farmer's Gazette and Journal of Practical Horticulture - Saturday 02 March 1850

77:2 Kendal Mercury - Saturday 16 May 1840

Storage Pits

79:1 Finding Duropolis. A new kind of Iron Age settlement. Current Archaeology. www.archaeology.co.uk

79:1 The Durotriges Project 2017:A Interim Statement. Miles Russell et al 2017

81:1 Storage of Barley Grain in Iron Age Type Underground Pits. R. A. Hill et al 1983

Pillow Mounds

82:2 A history of Spain from the earliest times to the death of Ferdinand the Catholic.  Ulick Ralph Burke. 1900

84:1 The Wild Rabbit in a New Aspect, Or, Rabbit-warrens that Pay: A Record of Recent Experiments Conducted on the Estate of the ... Earl of Wharncliffe at Wortley Hall. John Simpson 1893

84:3 Guildford's Hidden History. Helen Chapman-Davies 2010

87:2 An Earthwork of Surprise: The 18th Century Ha-Ha. S. A. Mansbach 2014

87:2 On Other Grounds: Landscape Gardening and Nationalism in Eighteenth-Century England and France. Brigitte Weltman-Aron 2001

Choke

99:1 British Fungi and Lichens. George Massee 1910

101:1 Reactive Oxygen Species Play a Role in Regulating a Fungus–Perennial Ryegrass Mutualistic Interaction. Aiko Tanaka et al. 2006

102:2 Vertical transmission of fungal endophytes is widespread in forbs. Susan Hodgson et al 2014

102:3 Identification of epiphyllous mycelial nets on leaves of grasses infected by clavicipitaceous endophytes. Moy et al 1999

103:2 Role of odour compounds in the attraction of gamete vectors in endophytic Epichloë fungi. Fabrizio Steinebrunne et al. 2007

104:1 Botanophila flies, vectors of Epichloë fungal spores, are infected by Wolbachia Lydia Pagel, 2019

111:1 Without Waste or Destruction: The aesthetics of coppicing. Isis Brook 1999?

111:2 Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 2012

112:1 COPPICE. R E Crowther and D Patch Arboriculture Research Note 21 Issued by the Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service 2010

112:2 Forestry Recommissioned: Bringing England’s woodlands back to life. Plantlife 2011?

Wood Banks

114:2 Pollard and Veteran Tree Management; Introduction to Pollards. Oliver Rackham 1991

115:1 Pollard and Veteran Tree Management; Introduction to Pollards. Oliver Rackham 1991

116:1 Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 2012

116:1 Practical Agriculture; Or, a Complete System of Modern Husbandry: With the Methods of Planting, and the Management of Live Stock ; in Two Volumes R. W. Dickson 1805

116:2 Medieval Woodland Management in Southern Scotland. John M. Gilbert 2012

Pollards

118:3 Pollard and Veteran Tree Management; Introduction to Pollards. Oliver Rackham 1991

120:1 The Boke of Husbandry Fitzherbert 1523 (1882 annotated edition)

121:1 Pollard and Veteran Tree Management; Pollarding in Burnham Beeches, Bucks.: a historical review and notes on recent work. Helen J. Read et al 1991

122:1 Pollard and Veteran Tree Management; Introduction to Pollards. Oliver Rackham 1991

122:3 The Journal of a Naturalist.  John Leonard Knapp 1846

125:1 Oxford University and City Herald - Saturday 29 October 1825

126:2 Holloways: Roads Tunneled Into the Earth by Time by Allison Meier September 25, 2014

128:1 The Monthly Review, or Literary Journal Several Hands. 1762

128:2 Derby Mercury 27th May 1790

Lime Kilns

132:1 An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture, Containing Numerous Designs for Dwelling. John Claudius Loudon 1842

132:3 Pre-industrial Lime Kilns. Historic England Introductions to Heritage Assets

133:2 Lime Kilns: history and heritage. David Johnson 2019

134:2 Windsor and Eton Express - Sunday 02 August 1818

Cuckoo Spit

136:4 Composition and structure of the froth of the spittlebug, Deois SP. Maria Luiza S Mello et al 1987

137:2 The Royal Entomological Society Book of British Insects. Peter C. Bernard 2011

137:4 Meadow Spittlebug, Philaenus leucophthalmus (L.). C. R. Weaver and D. R. King 1954

Galls

145:1 The Galling Truth: Limited Knowledge of Gall-Associated Volatiles in Multitrophic Interactions. Renee M. Borges 2018

145:2 Life inside a gall: diversity, phenology and structure of Portuguese gall communities, their hosts, parasitoids and inquilines López-Núñez et al. Arthropod-Plant Interactions. Nov 16, 2018

145:2 The mechanism of plant gall induction by insects: revealing clues, facts, and consequences in a cross-kingdom complex interaction. Omar Gatjens 2019

Dodder

147:2 CABI Invasive Species Compendium. Cuscata europaea.

147:6 Germination ecology, emergence and host detection in Cuscuta campestris. S. Benvenuti et al 2004

Burrs

156:2 Trees: Their Use, Management, Cultivation and Biology - A Comprehensive Guide. Bob Watson. 2007

Spalted Wood

160:1 Fungi. New Naturalist. Brian Spooner and Peter Roberts. 2005

160:1 Fungal community ecology and wood decomposition processes in angiosperms: from standing tree to complete decay of coarse woody debris. Lynne Boddy. 2001

161:1 The Fine Art of Decay. Sara. C. Robinson American Scientist May—June 2014

Squirrel Dreys

165:3 Squirrels. Jessica Holm 1987

Lackey Moth Eggs

167:2 Frequency distribution of Malacosoma neustria (L.) egg masses and nests in cork oak forests. Marcello Verdinelli 2002

168:1 Proteinaceous adhesive secretions from insects, and in particular the egg attachment glue of Opodiphthera sp. moths. Dongmei Li 2008

Smut Fungi

172:2 Mating System of the Anther Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum: Selfing under Heterothallism. Tatiana Giraud et al 2008

172:2  An asexual flower of Silene latifolia and Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae promotes sex-organ development. Hiroki Kawamoto et al 2019

Rust Fungi

174:2 Life history of Phragmidium violaceum in relation to its effectiveness as a biological control agent of European blackberry. Katherine J. Evans 2003

177:1 Plant diseased caused by fungi. George N. Agrios 2005

Slime Moulds

177:2 Ethnomycological notes. II. Meteorites and fungus lore. Ángel M. Nieves-Rivera 2009

178:1 Origin and evolution of the slime molds (Mycetozoa). Sandra L. Baldauf et al 1997

182:1 Myxomycetes A Handbook of Slime Molds. Steven L Stevenson 2000

Stinkhorn

184:2 Investigations of an association between the stinkhorn fungus and badger setts. D.P. Sleeman et al 1996

186:1 Volatile Compounds in Stinkhorn (Phallus impudicus L. Ex Pers.) at Different Stages of Growth. Frantisek Pudil et al 2014

187:2 Period Piece: A Cambridge Childhood. Gwen Raverat 1952

Cramp Balls

Note: The literature on this is vast, so I have listed here all the most relevant papers to which I referred:

How Should we look at anamorphs? Keith A. Seifert and Gary J. Samuels. 2000

Ecology of Daldinia spp. Special Emphasis on Daldinia concentrica. Hanna Johannesson. 2000

Daldinia: The nature of its concentric zones. George Sharples et al. 2015

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae). Marc Stadler et al. 2014

Fungal communities of beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees: Heart rot and origins of decay. Emma Christine Gilmartin. 2020

A new species of Daldinia (Xylariaceae) from the Argentine subtropical montane forest. Sir (EB). 2011

Xylariaceous Fungi as Endophytes. Liliane Petrini and Orlando Petrini. 1985

Hypomyces

194:3 Hympomyces chrysospermus. Fungus Factsheet 57/2011. Richard Robinson.

Nostoc commune

199:1 Etymology of the Genus Name Nostoc (Cyanobacteria). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 1997

Witch’s Broom

200:1 British Plant Galls Margaret Redfern, Peter Shirley 2011

Hair Ice

203:2 Evidence for biological shaping of hair ice. D. Hofmann et al 2015

Oyster Beds

209:2 A Topographical and Historical Account of Hayling Island, Hants. Richard Scott 1826

210:2 The Technologist. Volume 7. Peter Lund Simmonds 1773

210:2 A Topographical and Historical Account of Hayling Island, Hants. Richard Scott 1826

210:2 The oyster industry on Hayling Island. Local history group. Sue Humphrey 2007

212:1 Reproduced in: Falkirk Herald - Wednesday 16 November 1904

212:2 Hampshire Chronicle - Saturday 19 May 1906

Salterns

216:1 A History of Langstone Harbour. Ronald Tweed. 1999

216:3 The Changing Technology of Post Medieval Salt Production in Hampshire. Jeremy Greenwood 2012